Bee Kinds Diversity
Regarding 2009 to 2018, 192 bee types (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) was in fact caught inside Calanques National Park via both internet and you will dish pitfall collections. It belonged in order to six household and you may 38 genera. Megachilidae is actually probably the most variety-rich members of the family, followed closely by Apidae and you can Halictidae, that have 53, 49, and you may 43 varieties, respectively. Andrena Fabricius, 1775 try the newest wealthiest genus, which have 33 variety, whereas seven genera was basically depicted by the just one varieties (Stelis Panzer, 1806; Protosmia Ducke, 1900; Pseudoanthidium Friese, 1898; Coelioxys Latreille, 1809; Chelostoma Latreille, 1809; Anthidiellum Cockerell, 1904; Amegilla Friese, 1897; Panurgus Panzer, 1806; Supp Dining table 1 [online simply] ). Using the jackknife step one and you can 2 indexes, the full bee kinds fullness try estimated become ranging from ± 9.89 and you may ± . The new seen richness for this reason illustrated 71.step 3 so you’re able to 79.6% of your own projected bee richness ( Table 2). The fresh new Chao1 approach estimated this new observed richness is 76.8% of the potential maximum fullness ( Desk dos). More plentiful varieties was Apis mellifera L. (276 someone), followed closely by Rhodanthidium septemdentatum (Latreille, 1809), Rh. sticticum (Fabricius, 1787) (174 and you will 168 anybody, respectively), and you will Lasioglossum transitorium (Shenck, 1868) (113 somebody). Ultimately, 50 varieties (26%) was indeed depicted by one personal (singletons).
Environment Attributes away from Bees
Regarding your environment faculties out-of nesting needs, i known 59 unmarried bee kinds nesting more than floor, ninety five single bee types nesting below ground and you may 23 cleptoparasitic variety, equal to 29.eight, 47.9, and you can a dozen.0% of your own complete bee types fullness, respectively. We seen four personal kinds (bumble bees and you can honey bees-2.1%). Ultimately, the fresh nesting needs out of fourteen varieties are still not familiar (seven.3%- Supp Table 1 [online merely] ). Regarding your floral diet plan out-of bee species, we discovered that 105 types (54.7%) foraged into the a wide range of bush types (i.age., generalist kinds, polylectic) and 51 varieties (twenty six.5%) foraged on a single bush household members Swinger Sites dating otherwise you to definitely/couples bush variety (we.e., professional species, oligolectic). With the left thirty six bee varieties (18.8%), the flowery diet plan was not understood (age.grams., for cleptoparasitic kinds). But not, most generalist kinds shown a choice for just one or a few plant family members ( Supp Table step one [online only] ). Towards forty-two singletons, 14 bee species (28%) were professionals, and you will nine bee species (18%) were cleptoparasitic ( Supp Table 1 [on line merely] ).
A keen IUCN position try available for 178 types (leaving out the new species complexes and you may unknown kinds). One of those, 47 varieties was basically categorized while the analysis lacking (DD-twenty-six.4%), 124 variety were the very least alarmed (LC-69.6%), six variety was near endangered (NT-step three.4%; Andrena ovatula (Kirby, 1802), Colletes albomaculatus (Lucas, 1849), Dasypoda argentata Panzer, 1809, Halictus quadricinctus (Fabricius, 1776), Lasioglossum prasinum (Smith, 1848), and L. pygmaeum (Schenck, 1853)), and another varieties are sensed endangered (EN-0.6%; L. soror (Saunders, 1901)- Supp Dining table 1 [online just] ). Three oligolectic types was one of several eight endangered bee varieties. A beneficial. ovatula and C. albomaculatus is actually specialist into Fabaceae, D. argentata is a professional towards Caprifoliaceae.
Out of 2009 to help you 2018, 38 types of hover flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) was in fact trapped for the Calanques Federal Park. It belonged in order to 24 genera ( Supp Table 2 [on line only] ). The quintessential plentiful genera have been Paragus Latreille, 1804 (33 anybody), Meliscaeva Frey, 1946 (14 people), and Sphaerophoria Lepeletier de- Saint-Fargeau Audinet-Serville into the Latreille, 1828 (thirteen anybody), whereas 20 kinds (53%) was basically portrayed because of the just one individual ( Supp Table dos [on the web just] ). The new bee flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae) was represented because of the 20 varieties, along with four singletons (25%) ( Supp Desk step three [on the internet just] ). The new estimation of total types fullness out of hover flies and you will bee flies is anywhere between 83 and 97 species with the jackknife 1 and you may 2 indexes, respectively. For that reason, the fresh new seen fullness illustrated 59.8–69.9% of the projected hover travel and you can bee fly fullness ( Desk dos).